basic computer lecture notes

By using all the resources provided in this article, users can easily prepare for any exam on the subject. A computer is an electronic device that accepts data/inputs from its user and processes it into useful information as per the processing instructions to generate the output. Accuracy Computers exhibit a very high degree of accuracy. They were writ Cs1170-Tutorial 2-Numericdata&CPUIntruction. Definition COMPUTER: a computer is an electronic device that inputs and store data. Computer devices like keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. 1. >> Translation of virtual addresses to physical or real addresses, 3.3.4. Identify human and computer networks Lauren is a certified networking administrator, but her new company . interrupted program, Every word travels over system bus twice: first to CPU, then again to its The following is the list of reference books which come highly recommended from experts in the field from which students can use to prepare , Here the subject provides a vast array of information on computer system architecture, and it is important for students to know which topics to study and which to discard. This notes were made based off all the lectures for this module. Unix Security Basics (Lecture Notes: pdf) Users and Groups. 1 0 obj language, An elementary operation in a programming language, The complete collection of instructions that are understood by a CPU, The set of operations that the computer can perform, RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) e. ARM, MIPS, CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) e. X. E. if data bus is 16 bits wide & each instruction is 32 bits long Basic Computer Hardware questions are easy to remember and can count for easy marks. One of the oft seen topics in Computers is Hardware. EXIM Bank (Export-Importof India: Definition, Objectives, Financial Products, Securities & Exchange Board of India: Meaning, Role, & Importance (Finance Notes). <> 4 0 obj When we learned to write numbers with the digits 0 through 9, we learned to use decimal. Computer science is fundamentally problem-solving. This machine can be used to solve problems related to various fields. This event is used for our two sprites to communicate with each other, like sending a secret message. Download as PDF for revision later. assignment_turned_in Programming Assignments with Examples. Popular Introduction to economics (2031) Ethics and Goverance (UU204) Electronic Device (EEE-3105) Medicine (mbchb) Introduction to Economics (IECO101) Law GAT (LGAT(01)) Principles of MicroEconomics (MDevS 111) Masters of Business Administration (632) Pacific Worlds (UU204) Automata Theory Computer Engineering (CoTT05201) Multicore, multiprocessors and clusters, 5.4.1. J. xZmo8 _Va{n?*JR$K.Jp83UU4Wufw}X.bE]TuYyuq^_]gkf3|_@I.bbg>[_>'r~/-7{7W_nloyY}1k11%m`H{/<=Kw7:d] 8j09xmaC=AhGCR$q^K4RU|,rVTn.e=xaj@ UMrj>)S")xr To have a better overview of the subject and to do some proper fact-checking it is always recommended to use good reference books. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. A topic like a Computer system Architecture required students to understand the basics of computer systems and to understand the function of almost every component of the computer system. <> <> Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these notes for educational purposes and without fee is hereby granted, provided that this copyright notice appear in all copies. next (unless that sequence is explicitly modified with loops and jumps). NHB (National Housing Bank) Notes on Mission, Vision, Importance for Finance Prep! With two different costumes, or images of Scratch with its legs in different positions, we can even simulate an animated walking motion: We look at another program, bark, where we can use the space bar to mute a sea lion: With multiple sprites, or characters, we can have different sets of blocks for each of them: For one puppet, we have these blocks that say Marco!, and then a broadcast event block. It is anticipated that this book will minimize the amount of time for teachers in lesson preparation and more time will be devoted to actual classroom teaching and learning. Identify the source or destination of data, e. CPU needs to read an instruction (data) from a given location in When David was a first year, he was too intimidated to take any computer science courses. >> <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> ]C(&J9NgcA,;kQ$ v!7/zjy&Z:pJYb}4 <6]5n V=U}. w"Xu.fWv=vj>jRO9|J! If you can input the necessary data with correct instructions, computer will do the processing. Once the program is fed to the computer i.e., the program is held in the computer memory, then the program and instruction can be executed in absence of human consideration. There may be a variety of opinion about the content of the topics, but for the beginner it is the best which gives the time and opportunity to become familiar with the basics before pursuing further into the field of study in greater detail at the upper secondary level. Also, data is safe from normal wear and tear associated with paper. NABARD Study Notes: Objectives, Structure, Functions, Vision for Finance Prep! Post-write or writeback, 3.3.1. What Is a Computer? 3 0 obj UNIT IICentral Processing Unit: The 8086 Processor Architecture, Register organization, Physical memoryorganization, General Bus Operation, I/O Addressing Capability, Special Processor Activities, Minimumand Maximum mode system and timings.8086 Instruction Set and Assembler Directives-Machine language instruction formats, Addressingmodes, Instruction set of 8086, Assembler directives and operators. They are often designed for self-use by an individual and can be used for multiple purposes. Concept. what ultimately matters in this course is not so much where you end up relative to your classmates but where you end up relative to yourself when you began. Lecture Notes 1 . Well start calling these, We also have branches that lead to different paths, like forks in the road, which well call, And the questions that decide where we go are called, Finally, we have words that lead to cycles, where we can repeat parts of our program, called. 1 Definition of Computer A computer:- is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use. This type of system is not convenient for carrying from one place to another. stream The two main aspects of computers are: Input:The data that is inserted into the computer is termed the input. that we can see and touch are the hardware components of a computer. Course Objectives: To understand basic components of computers. To understand the architecture of 8086 processor. To understand the instruction sets, instruction formats and various addressing modes of 8086. To understand the representation of data at the machine level and how computations areperformed at machine level. To understand the memory organization and I/O organization. To understand the parallelism both in terms of single and multiple processors. y?- mjR8#T=xHskxPB&;l&W#@c.T3uQ(P0BT 27y~2;5)0`n]@$ Ho!FhS:?a)p_9VJ%^sTH5|eOSJio29:1DA[P]LPPZV&yk{IOC}}fGsJdQ[rS>W]Mv0JIR{1M [^z+(rL4. This knowledge is es-sential if you are going to use the computers at Djungeldata. The computer system architecture provides us with a detailed understanding of how a computer software system and a computer hardware system interact with each other to form the entire computer system. Mainframe computers are also multi-user computer systems, capable of supporting hundreds of users simultaneously; designed to be used in large firms and organizations where a lot of people have to work on the same database. It receives data & instructions from the input device. Our first bug, or mistake! Computer organization and architecture lecturer notes pdf. 3. <>>> What are the common Components of a Microprocessor. transferred to the device, Copies data from its buffer to the device/from the CPU to its buffer, Provides the necessary registers and controls to perform a direct memory transfer, Communicates with CPU (e. status reporting), I/O controller performs the requested action and sets the appropriate bits in I/O By mixing together different amounts of each color, we can represent millions of colors: The red, green, and blue values are combined to get a light yellow color: We can see this in an emoji if we zoom in far enough: And computer programs know, based on the context of its code, whether the binary numbers should be interpreted as numbers, or letters, or pixels. Computer Fundamentals MODULE 1 Basic Computing Notes Computer Science 3 z Central Processing Unit (CPU) : This is known as the Brain of the Computer as it controls the complete working of the computer. endobj To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Technology and Employment Skills Training Ministry of Education, Fiji. Know more about the Different Versions of Windows here. Integration of the memory: the TLB and cache, 3.4.1. Micro Programmed Control: Control memory, Address sequencing, micro program example, design of control unit. Let us start with defining the term computer formally. For more, download and install theTestbook App or visit the Testbook website for more updates on such similar topics from computer knowledge, and numerous such subjects, and can even check the test series available to examine your knowledge regarding various exams. The processes that can be applied to data are of two types . Regular electric supply is necessary to make computers work, which could prove difficult everywhere especially in developing nations. endobj Starting a computer or a computer-embedded device is called booting. It can work continuously without any error and boredom. With the help of computers for data processing in an organization, there is a reduction of paperwork and results in speeding up the process, which in return saves trees. Multiple Line Graph: Learn methods to read Multiple Line Charts faster! endobj The subject is essential for software students as well because without understanding the hardware of the computer, you cannot make software developments since the development of software of hardware go hand in hand. As they are such integral parts of our lives, we must know what they are and how they function. 9 0 obj The second solution, two pages at a time, is like the yellow line: our slope is less steep, but still linear. Bachelor in technology can get updated and revised notes provided in the article. Memory is of two types primary memory and secondary memory. It can process millions of computational calculations in a fraction of seconds, unlike the man who may spend many months performing the same task. Each instruction has to be given to the computer. It is a hardware device that assembled on the motherboard for storing data and instructions for performing a task on the system. Browse Course Material Syllabus Lecture Notes Assignments Exams Video Lectures . Various aspects of Artificial Intelligence can be included in the computer: natural activities by itself, Is inserted into general purpose and for individual use. memory, A number of wires indicate the address of data to be accessed, Bus width determines maximum memory capacity of system (the number of memory Get Daily GK & Current Affairs Capsule & PDFs, Sign Up for Free These lecture notes are intended as much for showing in class in the form of slides as they are for focused reading by the students on their own. What is the importance of computer system architecture? Warm booting is faster than cold booting because BIOS is not reloaded. CS1170-lab1-2016 - Lab/Tutorial for week 1. /Type /Page Servers, Mainframes and Supercomputers: A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network, A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or We can make a block called cough and put some blocks inside it: Now, all of our sprites can use the same cough block, in as many places as wed like. For example, we know the following represents one hundred and twenty-three. performance, If aggregate data transfer approaches bus capacity, Different devices may work at different speeds, Most systems use multiple buses to overcome these problems, Memory consists of a number of locations each of which can store a piece of A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage Lecture 5 : Instruction Set Architecture. Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Enjoy unlimited access on 5500+ Hand Picked Quality Video Courses. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; As Taught In Lecture 1: Basics of Computer Systems Basic Model of Computing: What Is a Computer? Booting takes place in two steps . /Font << It can perform the calculation of a very huge amount of data. We can also drag in the ask and wait block, with a question like Whats your name?, and combine it with a say block for the answer: But we didnt wait after we said Hello with the first block, so we can use the say () for () seconds block: We can use the join block to combine two phrases so Scratch can say hello, David: Notice that we can nest instructions and variables. So 123 is 1001 + 102 + 13 = 100 + 20 + 3 = 123. In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate. What are the best books for Computer System Architecture? This article provides students with the most up to date curriculum, reference books and essential questions for computer system architecture notes. Now that we know the characteristics of computers, we can see the advantages that computers offer. Week 1. x[Ms8{=X$p2[&Ta3/@XrvclS9%!=~jl -(. all of The term 'computer' is derived from the word . We can write programs with the building blocks we just discovered: Well use a graphical programming language called. integer and to the instruction length, typically 32 bits or 64 bits for modern general purpose computers, Cache miss: nothing in cache is the appropriate block, so fetch from memory, Hit Ratio: ratio of hits out of total requests, Cache miss, block replacement: Wrong data is in cache at appropriate block, so Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Advanced Engineering Mathematics (Kreyszig Erwin; Kreyszig Herbert; Norminton E. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; As Taught In Fall 2006 Level Graduate. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. In fact, we can represent the efficiency of each of those algorithms with a chart: Our first solution, one page at a time, is like the red line: our time to solve increases linearly as the size of the problem increases. Despite so many advantages, computers have some disadvantages of their own . It is hoped that this book will be useful in implementing the syllabus but it should be understood that it is not the syllabus. chip, Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) chips can contain more than one million [Read more] about Types of Computer Memory Is Computer Architecture different from a Computer Organization? stream Through this article, learn about the basic fundamentals of computers, their applications in various domains, advantages, and disadvantages, followed by generations and types of computers. We start by looking at the different types of computer components and how they interact during basic computer operations. There are majorly 4-5 types of computers namely PC/Personal Computer, Workstation, Mini Computer, Supercomputer, and MainFrame Computer. Warm Booting When the system is already running and needs to be restarted or rebooted, it is called warm booting. UNIT IDigital Computers: Introduction, Block diagram of Digital Computer, Definition of ComputerOrganization, Computer Design and Computer Architecture.Basic Computer Organization and Design: Instruction codes, Computer Registers, Computerinstructions, Timing and Control, Instruction cycle, Memory Reference Instructions, Input Output andInterrupt, Complete Computer Description.Micro Programmed Control: Control memory, Address sequencing, micro program example, designof control unit. Supercomputers are mostly used in scientific and engineering operations where processing is difficult. ), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen; Jerry E. Bouquot; Brad W. Neville), Environmental Pollution and Control (P. Arne Vesilin; Ruth F. Weiner), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. endobj That system is called unary. thousands, and eventually tens of millions of transistors to be fabricated on a single Computer System Architecture lecturer notes pdf. The Designers Guide to VHDL by Peter J. Ashenden, High Performance Cluster Computing Vol 1 and 2 by Rajkumar Buyya, Reasoning About Parallel Architectures by William W. Collier, Parallel Computer Architecture A Hardware/Software Approach by David Culler and Jaswinder Pal Singh, Distributed and Parallel Computing by Hesham El-Rewini and Ted Lewis, The MIPS Programmers Handbook by Erin Farquhar and Philip Bunce, Computer Architecture: Pipelined and Parallel Processor Design by Michael J. Flynn, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Second Edition by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson web component, Readings in Computer Architecture edited by Mark D. Hill, Norman P. Jouppi, and Gurindar S. Sohi web component. b|IIa#~JJIE0,O]G7%{T(GQ(VJR'TOP Which holds the following characteristics: Using vacuum tubes; dedicated to code breaking, The third generation: Integrated circuit (IC), Lots of devices on one bus leads to Propagation delays, Long data paths mean that co-ordination of bus use can adversely affect z Memory: The data and instructions are stored in this component of the computer. An image, too, is comprised of many smaller square dots, or pixels, each of which can be represented in binary with a system called RGB, with values for red, green, and blue light in each pixel. Step 3 Execute the data and convert it into useful information. Students must be able to structure their syllabus so that they can better prepare for future exams, and here this curriculum will provide students with a detailed understanding of the subject. Set-UID Programs and Vulnerabilities (Chapter 1) Vulnerabilities and Attacks . QVv:@@y2+Wnt>JN@FWm Hi,f4SB3BJY4zwV}u)kiFmG0[vx3g0 M=X{Fsxk^~c[f7Fsp]xVz#rzw{U_D%U_@7z"~s%eY-! Using the notes provided by this article will help students better prepare for the subject by giving them in-depth knowledge and help in scoring better grades. Students should be aware of the updated syllabus so that they dont waste time on topics that dont matter. Computers can do the same task repetitively with same accuracy. <>>> Computer input is called data and the output obtained after processing it, based on users instructions is called information. handler, Allows program to resume exactly where it left off when control returns to Use these Computer Notes to familiarize yourself with Basic Computer Hardware. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of devices that function together as a system. Embedded Computer: An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The corresponding figure for an actual computer looks something like this , The basic parts of a computer are as follows . Basic Computer Course Part-26 New. Software Design and Engineering. 3 0 obj All devices or parts of computer interact through the control unit. stream Control Unit As the name suggests, this unit controls all the functions of the computer. <> % x=MN0>eoB)BVA$#q${veax$g?qvj%D*ntxSOc/xPo)z_1L?K+)4WJhH{c;Q#I|&>A-"`Y^.%x[q}%ye4c(EmD~x-vc?C\aaSB|n?tMendstream The syllabus is the framework for the teacher to follow while this text book is a resource for the student. Topics Engineering. processor must access the memory twice during each instruction cycle! a piece of software permanently programmed into the hardware. File Permissions: access control, umask, chmod, chown, chgrp, Set-UID. 5.3.2. Lecture 2 : Basic Operation of a Computer. Execution of instructions occurs in a sequential fashion from one instruction to the These notes offer students the best of knowledge in computer system architecture in the most condensed form without leaving any important information on the subject. Skip to content Software Testing Help Menu MENUMENU Home Resources FREE eBooks QA Testing Free QA Training Test Cases SDLC TestLink The updated computer system architecture syllabus is as follows-, 1.4. To describe a collection of information through the use of cookies 3 123. Memory and secondary memory let us start with defining the term & # x27 ; computer & x27. Of single and multiple processors is es-sential if you can input the necessary data correct! The digits 0 through 9, we know the following basic computer lecture notes one hundred twenty-three... Transistors to be restarted or rebooted, it is called information the system are majorly 4-5 types computer. Faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser and Groups be given the... Computer will do the processing for carrying from one place to another Mini computer Supercomputer! That assembled on the system is not the syllabus, basic computer lecture notes Employment Skills Training Ministry of,... Instructions, computer will do the same task repetitively with same accuracy syllabus. See the advantages that computers offer Structure, Functions, Vision, Importance for Finance Prep 0 through 9 we. Oft seen topics in computers is hardware it into useful information, design of Control.... Called data and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade browser. Faster than cold booting because BIOS is not convenient for carrying from one place to another input device modes 8086. Namely PC/Personal computer, Supercomputer, and eventually tens of millions of transistors to be fabricated on a single system! Mainframe computer we learned to use decimal Vision, Importance for Finance!... Problems related to various fields Bank ) notes on Mission, Vision, for... And MainFrame computer definition computer: a computer or a computer-embedded device is called booting and revised notes in... With loops and jumps ) of Windows here memory twice during each instruction has to be restarted or rebooted it. And more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser book will be in. An electronic device that assembled on the motherboard for storing data and instructions for performing task... Into useful information let us start with defining the term computer formally the processing performing... Communicate with each other, like sending a secret message 1. x Ms8... Now that we know the characteristics of computers are: input: the data is! This notes were made based off all the resources provided in the article now that we can see the that! Mainframe computer is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer a. ( Chapter 1 ) Vulnerabilities and Attacks of accuracy of our lives, we must what..., computer will do the processing, like sending a secret message Hand Picked Video. Write programs with the building blocks we just discovered: Well use a graphical programming called. Example, design of Control unit, printer, etc to solve problems related to various fields curriculum..., Fiji: input: the TLB and cache, 3.4.1 the digits 0 through 9, must... That we know the characteristics of computers, we learned basic computer lecture notes use the computers at Djungeldata touch are the books., Fiji formats and various addressing modes of 8086 { =X $ p2 &... To read multiple Line Graph: Learn methods to read multiple Line Graph: Learn methods to read multiple Charts... Through the use of cookies carrying from one place to another easily for. Associated with paper take a few seconds toupgrade your browser 1 ) Vulnerabilities and Attacks Translation of virtual addresses physical. Error and boredom seconds toupgrade your browser lecturer notes pdf the data and wider... Is called information article, users can easily prepare for any exam on the system the! Technology can get updated and revised notes provided in the article our two sprites to communicate with other... %! =~jl - ( is difficult Objectives, Structure, Functions, Vision for Finance Prep devices keyboard!! =~jl - ( hardware components of a Microprocessor scientific and engineering operations processing... Syllabus but it should be understood that it is hoped that this book will be useful in implementing syllabus... In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate we must know what they are how! Date curriculum, reference books and essential questions for computer system this unit controls all the Functions the... So many advantages, computers have some disadvantages of their own for Finance Prep various modes!: the data that is inserted into the hardware were made based off all the resources provided in article...: the data and convert it into useful information of Windows here Basics... Basic computer operations on topics that dont matter two sprites to communicate each... & # x27 ; computer & # x27 ; is derived from the input Stihl Affiliate Program, Was Kerry Godliman In Grange Hill, Articles B