1. job rotation. 3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. 4. extrinsic motivation Job sharing 2. flextime. Your privacy is extremely important to us. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. Freedom Clothing has several locations in Dallas and Houston. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. 4. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. ADVERTISEMENTS: 3. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . Job enhancement. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 3. a compressed workweek. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. 2. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. conditions to increase productivity. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. Frederick Taylor. reward is the sole motivator for workers. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. B. the humanistic view of management. 26. option C is correct. 4. physiological needs Wed love your input. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. 4. likely to increase overhead costs for businesses. 3. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. 3. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. It increases communication between managers and employees. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X Your email address will not be published. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. 4. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. 4. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. Ideal for all companies 11 May. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. 2. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. 4. job rotation. Aliyah is likely to assume that: Perhaps the most noticeable aspects of McGregor's XY Theory - and the easiest to illustrate - are found in the behaviours of autocratic managers and organisations which use autocratic management styles. 1. Integrity Health Alliance, a health care company, allows its employees to work at home a few days per week, staying connected via email, phone, and videoconference calls. B. the humanistic view of management. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. 3. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. 2. job enrichment. This is an example of flextime. 4. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Selena's work schedule is an example of: However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. 5. job enlargement. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. 1. supervision The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. A problem 1. T or F. A compressed workweek is: They failed to incite change. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 2. job rotation Herzberg's motivational factors. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. 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