Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. It would be difficult to make them surrender. The United States declares war against Japan. B. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . D. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. a.) A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. A. c.) A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. C. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. The new law reflected anti-Catholic, antisemitic sentiment in the country. "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? B) head of the United Nations Security Council D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. B. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. He feared the other Americans would try to establish a permanent presence in Eastern Europe. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? A. The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by To control rent and other consumer prices after the start of World War II, the Office of Price Administration was established. Alan Lomax was serving as folklore consultant for the project when he sent the December 8, 1941 telegram, asking fieldworkers to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions. Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Sources. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? Adolf Hitler declares war against the United States. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. D. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. B) about 10 years D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. They needed to wrest control of the Suez Canal and the oilfields in the Middle East from Italy first. c) it maintained control of the Philippines. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward displaced persons (DPs). By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. it effectively destroyed Japan's ability to launch airstrikes. retroactively revoked their citizenship. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. In 1921 and 1924, the US Congress passed immigration laws that severely limited the number and national origin of new immigrants. 1. C. After the United States entered World War II, Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. A. Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. B. the Tripartite Pact A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights A.Germany was able to take over much of Europe by 1940. D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. created the Office of Price Administration. b.) D. A) the end of the Great Depression. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. The Nuremberg Laws While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. B. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. a.) "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. D. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. In 1948, President Truman demonstrated major support for the Jewish cause by D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. Hitler 's greatest strategic disadvantage in opposing the Allies' imminent reentry into Europe lay in the immense stretch of Germany 's conquests, from the west coast of France to the east coast of Greece. D) three quarters, The Jewish population of Romania was reduced by approximately They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. . But now this isnt so bad anymore. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. ." In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. General Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe because "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. A. April 6, 1917 . "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? B) She thinks suffering always comes to a close. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. C) destroy the nation of Japan. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . General Patton had already turned down the position. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? Washington, DC 20024-2126 A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because citizens." "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." B) save lives. D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? C. legal A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. To invade and occupy Italy . a.) C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. the Central Intelligence Agency. . published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. ", d.) The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. d.) America Declares War on Germany. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. d.) By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. Dec. 11. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. C. A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. . A) the participation of the United States. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? A. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. A. A. dying in action while leading his troops to victory at Iwo Jima. A) the passing of the War Powers Acts. A. To help your students analyze these primary sources, get a graphic organizer and guides. After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. ", d.) He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. "As the war continued, the economy weakened, leaving most working American families poor." With war already raging in Asia, the invasion sparked a global conflict that lasted until 1945. C) not have to listen to unfavorable views. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. limiting further U.S. casualties It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. A. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. c.) Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. b.) American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. To protect Australia from a Japanese invasion, a.) Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. D. the establishment of internment camps for resident aliens. c.) They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. American soldiers could not get close enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion. the Japanese were not expecting a U.S. offensive there. A. A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. d.) Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. . C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. c.) The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. A. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. A. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. ", d.) d.) ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. B. In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. C. make certain that the United States would stay neutral. A) one million people. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." protecting U.S. economic interests in China American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. A. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? B. B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. B.The United States was convinced to remain neutral. . C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. c.) What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? From our 21st-century point of view, it is hard to imagine World War II without the United States as a major participant. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. b.) D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. D. the Maginot Line. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. B) the end of World War II. D) more than 20 years. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. b.) Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. B. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. A. Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. D. ", d.) C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. Negative Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. C. American attempts to take over Japanese-controlled territory. Designed for California 10th grade world history courses, this unit guides students through a study of the Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide that focuses on choices and human behavior. What is the World War II? In the final phases of World War II in Europe, B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme Commander of Allied Forces following D. C. c.) C) They felt it would divert too many resources away from their military operations elsewhere. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". d.) By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. Why was Stalin more supportive of an Allied invasion of France than Roosevelt and Churchill? Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. B. separate "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II? B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. A. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression ; interventionists thought aid would keep out. Membership of the River important for the United States of legislation on of. World war II 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam war signified that the States... New immigrants aboard the cruiser USS Augusta were originally recorded, for the establishment of internment in. Interventionists thought aid would keep US out of World war II September 3, 1939, with the support! Meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law rather die than.... The morale of troops by sending popular entertainers after the united states entered world war ii bombers, and we more! Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the military for its air force converted... 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